Electoral systems ballot measures

Voters have decided on electoral system ballot measures across the U.S. As a state ballot measure topic, this includes measures regarding electoral systems, which define how elections are conducted and how votes are counted to determine election outcomes. The topic is grouped within the election policy area.

This page provides information on:

• Related ballot measures
• Upcoming ballot measures
• Comprehensive list of ballot measures by year and state

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Election policy

Electoral systems

Related ballot measures

Subtopics of electoral systems ballot measures

The following subtopics provide more detailed lists and information:

Cumulative voting Presidential electoral vote Primary election systems Proportional representation Ranked-choice voting Runoff elections

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State ballot measures

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Upcoming ballot measures

See also: 2026 ballot measures and 2027 ballot measures

The following is a list of state ballot measures related to this topic that are certified or potential for this year and future elections:

2026

1. Alaska Repeal Top-Four Ranked-Choice Voting Initiative (2026) - On the ballot
2. Massachusetts Top-Two Primary Elections Initiative (2026) - Potential
3. Missouri Proportional Representation in Presidential Elections Amendment (2026) - Potential
4. Nebraska Presidential Electoral Winner-Take-All System Initiative (2026) - Potential
5. Nevada Open Primaries for Publicly Funded Elections Amendment (2026) - Potential
6. Oklahoma State Question 836, Top-Two Primary Elections Initiative (2026) - Potential

List of state ballot measures

Click the tabs to view state ballot measures related to this topic, organized by year or state.

Years

States

2026

1. Alaska Repeal Top-Four Ranked-Choice Voting Initiative (2026) - On the ballot
2. Massachusetts Top-Two Primary Elections Initiative (2026) - Potential
3. Missouri Proportional Representation in Presidential Elections Amendment (2026) - Potential
4. Nebraska Presidential Electoral Winner-Take-All System Initiative (2026) - Potential
5. Nevada Open Primaries for Publicly Funded Elections Amendment (2026) - Potential
6. Oklahoma State Question 836, Top-Two Primary Elections Initiative (2026) - Potential

2024

1. Alaska Ballot Measure 2, Repeal Top-Four Ranked-Choice Voting Initiative (2024)
2. Arizona Proposition 133, Require Partisan Primaries and Prohibit Primaries Where Candidates Compete Regardless of Party Affiliation Amendment (2024)
3. Arizona Proposition 140, Single Primary for All Candidates and Possible RCV General Election Initiative (2024)
4. Colorado Proposition 131, Top-Four Ranked-Choice Voting Initiative (2024)
5. Idaho Proposition 1, Top-Four Ranked-Choice Voting Initiative (2024)
6. Missouri Amendment 7, Require Citizenship to Vote and Prohibit Ranked-Choice Voting Amendment (2024)
7. Montana CI-126, Top-Four Primary Initiative (2024)
8. Montana CI-127, Majority Vote Required to Win Elections Initiative (2024)
9. Nevada Question 3, Top-Five Ranked-Choice Voting Initiative (2024)
10. Oregon Measure 117, Ranked-Choice Voting for Federal and State Elections Measure (2024)
11. South Dakota Constitutional Amendment H, Top-Two Primary Elections Initiative (2024)

2022

1. Nevada Question 3, Top-Five Ranked-Choice Voting Initiative (2022)

2020

1. Alaska Ballot Measure 2, Top-Four Ranked-Choice Voting and Campaign Finance Laws Initiative (2020)
2. Colorado Proposition 113, National Popular Vote Interstate Compact Referendum (2020)
3. Florida Amendment 3, Top-Two Open Primaries for State Offices Initiative (2020)
4. Massachusetts Question 2, Ranked-Choice Voting Initiative (2020)
5. Mississippi Ballot Measure 2, Remove Electoral Vote Requirement and Establish Runoffs for Gubernatorial and State Office Elections Amendment (2020)

2018

1. Maine Question 1, Ranked-Choice Voting Delayed Enactment and Automatic Repeal Referendum (June 2018)

2016

1. Colorado Presidential Primary Election, Proposition 107 (2016)
2. Maine Question 5, Ranked-Choice Voting Initiative (2016)
3. South Dakota Amendment V, Top-Two Primary Amendment (2016)

2014

1. Oregon Measure 90, Top-Two Primaries Initiative (2014)

2012

1. Arizona Proposition 121, Top-Two Primary Elections Initiative (2012)

2010

1. California Proposition 14, Top-Two Primaries Amendment (June 2010)

2008

1. Oregon Measure 65, Top-Two Primaries Initiative (2008)

2006

1. Massachusetts Question 2, Fusion Voting Initiative (2006)

2004

1. California Proposition 62, Top-Two Primaries Initiative (2004)
2. Colorado Amendment 36, Division of Electoral Votes Initiative (2004)
3. New Mexico Runoff Elections, Measure 3 (2004)
4. Washington Initiative 872, Top-Two Primaries Measure (2004)

2002

1. Alaska Ballot Measure 1, Ranked-Choice Voting Initiative (August 2002)
2. Colorado Amendment 29, Candidates on Primary Ballots Initiative (2002)
3. Wyoming Special Session, Constitutional Amendment B (2002)

2001

1. Texas Proposition 6, Appointment of Presidential Electors Amendment (2001)

1998

1. Florida Amendment 11, Nonpartisan School Board Elections, Ballot Access Requirements, Public Campaign Financing, and Election Processes Amendment (1998)

1996

1. California Proposition 198, Open Blanket Primary Election Initiative (March 1996)

1994

1. Utah Initiative A, Term Limits and Runoff Elections Measure (1994)

1992

1. Arizona Proposition 100, Repeal Run-Off Requirement for State Executive Elections Amendment (1992)

1990

1. Colorado Amendment No. 2, Presidential Primary Measure (1990)

1988

1. Arizona Proposition 105, Run-Off Requirement for State Executive Elections Amendment (1988)
2. Hawaii Unopposed Candidate Primary Elections, Amendment 3 (1988)

1981

1. Wisconsin Question 1, Recall Primary Elections Amendment (April 1981)

1980

1. Illinois Reduce Size of House of Representatives and Eliminate Cumulative Voting Initiative (1980)
2. North Dakota Presidential Preference and June Primary Referendum, Measure 7 (1980)

1975

1. Ohio Require Elections for Delegates for National Political Party Conventions Amendment (1975)

1972

1. California Proposition 4, Open Presidential Primaries Amendment (June 1972)
2. California Proposition 7, Changes to Elections Amendment (1972)

1968

1. Georgia Amendment 2, Gubernatorial Runoff Elections Measure (1968)

1966

1. Nebraska Amendment 13a, Legislative Apportionment Amendment (1966)
2. Nebraska Amendment 13b, Legislative Representation in Reapportioned Districts Amendment (1966)

1959

1. New York Amendment 5, Rules for Primary Elections with Unopposed Candidates Amendment (1959)

1944

1. Oklahoma State Question 312, Runoff Primary Elections Measure (July 1944)

1940

1. Arkansas Repeal of Double Primary, Proposed Amendment 30 (1940)

1938

1. New York Amendment 7, Prohibit Proportional Representation Measure (1938)

1932

1. Massachusetts Question 2, Party Candidate Nominating Conventions Initiative (1932)

1924

1. Missouri Amendment 10, Allow Political Parties to Nominate Candidates by Primary Election or Party Convention Measure (February 1924)
2. Nebraska Amendment 1, Direct Primaries and Nonpartisan Elections Initiative (1924)
3. South Dakota Referred Law 3, Primary Elections Law Referendum (1924)

1922

1. Arizona Measure Nos. 102-103, Repeal Direct Primary for Candidate Nominations Requirement Amendment (September 1922)
2. Nebraska Referendum 3, Direct Primaries and Nominations Referendum (1922)

1920

1. Nebraska Referendum 1, Direct Primaries Referendum (1920)
2. South Dakota Referred Law 2, Primary Election Law Referendum (1920)

1918

1. South Dakota Initiated Law 1, Richard's Primary Law Initiative (1918)

1916

1. Massachusetts Establish Closed Primary System Measure (1916)
2. South Dakota Referred Law 1, Richard's Primary Law Initiative (1916)

1915

1. California Proposition 1, Primary Elections Referendum (October 1915)

1914

1. Oregon Measure Nos. 348-349, Top Sixty Candidates Legislative Elections Initiative (1914)
2. South Dakota Coffey Primary Election Law (1914)

1912

1. Ohio Primary Election and Delegate Selection Requirements Amendment (September 1912)
2. Oregon Measure Nos. 362-363, Unicameral Legislature and Proportional Representation Initiative (1912)
3. South Dakota Measure 1, Richard's Primary Election Law Referendum (1912)

1911

1. Maine Question 4, Direct Primary Initiative (September 1911)

1910

1. Oregon Measure Nos. 356-357, Primary Elections for Presidential Candidates Initiative (1910)
2. Oregon Measure Nos. 360-361, Direct Democracy, Electoral System, and Legislature Changes Initiative (1910)

1908

1. Oregon Measure Nos. 328-329, Allow for Alternative Methods for Electing Officials Initiative (June 1908)

1904

1. Oregon Measure Nos. 302-303, Establish Direct Primary System for Party Nominations Initiative (June 1904)

1870

1. Illinois Cumulative Voting Amendment (July 1870)

Alaska

1. Alaska Ballot Measure 1, Ranked-Choice Voting Initiative (August 2002)
2. Alaska Ballot Measure 2, Repeal Top-Four Ranked-Choice Voting Initiative (2024)
3. Alaska Ballot Measure 2, Top-Four Ranked-Choice Voting and Campaign Finance Laws Initiative (2020)
4. Alaska Repeal Top-Four Ranked-Choice Voting Initiative (2026) - On the ballot

Arizona

1. Arizona Measure Nos. 102-103, Repeal Direct Primary for Candidate Nominations Requirement Amendment (September 1922)
2. Arizona Proposition 100, Repeal Run-Off Requirement for State Executive Elections Amendment (1992)
3. Arizona Proposition 105, Run-Off Requirement for State Executive Elections Amendment (1988)
4. Arizona Proposition 121, Top-Two Primary Elections Initiative (2012)
5. Arizona Proposition 133, Require Partisan Primaries and Prohibit Primaries Where Candidates Compete Regardless of Party Affiliation Amendment (2024)
6. Arizona Proposition 140, Single Primary for All Candidates and Possible RCV General Election Initiative (2024)

Arkansas

1. Arkansas Repeal of Double Primary, Proposed Amendment 30 (1940)

California

1. California Proposition 1, Primary Elections Referendum (October 1915)
2. California Proposition 14, Top-Two Primaries Amendment (June 2010)
3. California Proposition 198, Open Blanket Primary Election Initiative (March 1996)
4. California Proposition 4, Open Presidential Primaries Amendment (June 1972)
5. California Proposition 62, Top-Two Primaries Initiative (2004)
6. California Proposition 7, Changes to Elections Amendment (1972)

Colorado

1. Colorado Amendment 29, Candidates on Primary Ballots Initiative (2002)
2. Colorado Amendment 36, Division of Electoral Votes Initiative (2004)
3. Colorado Amendment No. 2, Presidential Primary Measure (1990)
4. Colorado Presidential Primary Election, Proposition 107 (2016)
5. Colorado Proposition 113, National Popular Vote Interstate Compact Referendum (2020)
6. Colorado Proposition 131, Top-Four Ranked-Choice Voting Initiative (2024)

Florida

1. Florida Amendment 11, Nonpartisan School Board Elections, Ballot Access Requirements, Public Campaign Financing, and Election Processes Amendment (1998)
2. Florida Amendment 3, Top-Two Open Primaries for State Offices Initiative (2020)

Georgia

1. Georgia Amendment 2, Gubernatorial Runoff Elections Measure (1968)

Hawaii

1. Hawaii Unopposed Candidate Primary Elections, Amendment 3 (1988)

Idaho

1. Idaho Proposition 1, Top-Four Ranked-Choice Voting Initiative (2024)

Illinois

1. Illinois Cumulative Voting Amendment (July 1870)
2. Illinois Reduce Size of House of Representatives and Eliminate Cumulative Voting Initiative (1980)

Maine

1. Maine Question 1, Ranked-Choice Voting Delayed Enactment and Automatic Repeal Referendum (June 2018)
2. Maine Question 4, Direct Primary Initiative (September 1911)
3. Maine Question 5, Ranked-Choice Voting Initiative (2016)

Massachusetts

1. Massachusetts Establish Closed Primary System Measure (1916)
2. Massachusetts Question 2, Fusion Voting Initiative (2006)
3. Massachusetts Question 2, Party Candidate Nominating Conventions Initiative (1932)
4. Massachusetts Question 2, Ranked-Choice Voting Initiative (2020)
5. Massachusetts Top-Two Primary Elections Initiative (2026) - Potential

Mississippi

1. Mississippi Ballot Measure 2, Remove Electoral Vote Requirement and Establish Runoffs for Gubernatorial and State Office Elections Amendment (2020)

Missouri

1. Missouri Amendment 10, Allow Political Parties to Nominate Candidates by Primary Election or Party Convention Measure (February 1924)
2. Missouri Amendment 7, Require Citizenship to Vote and Prohibit Ranked-Choice Voting Amendment (2024)
3. Missouri Proportional Representation in Presidential Elections Amendment (2026) - Potential

Montana

1. Montana CI-126, Top-Four Primary Initiative (2024)
2. Montana CI-127, Majority Vote Required to Win Elections Initiative (2024)

Nebraska

1. Nebraska Amendment 1, Direct Primaries and Nonpartisan Elections Initiative (1924)
2. Nebraska Amendment 13a, Legislative Apportionment Amendment (1966)
3. Nebraska Amendment 13b, Legislative Representation in Reapportioned Districts Amendment (1966)
4. Nebraska Presidential Electoral Winner-Take-All System Initiative (2026) - Potential
5. Nebraska Referendum 1, Direct Primaries Referendum (1920)
6. Nebraska Referendum 3, Direct Primaries and Nominations Referendum (1922)

Nevada

1. Nevada Open Primaries for Publicly Funded Elections Amendment (2026) - Potential
2. Nevada Question 3, Top-Five Ranked-Choice Voting Initiative (2022)
3. Nevada Question 3, Top-Five Ranked-Choice Voting Initiative (2024)

New Mexico

1. New Mexico Runoff Elections, Measure 3 (2004)

New York

1. New York Amendment 5, Rules for Primary Elections with Unopposed Candidates Amendment (1959)
2. New York Amendment 7, Prohibit Proportional Representation Measure (1938)

North Dakota

1. North Dakota Presidential Preference and June Primary Referendum, Measure 7 (1980)

Ohio

1. Ohio Primary Election and Delegate Selection Requirements Amendment (September 1912)
2. Ohio Require Elections for Delegates for National Political Party Conventions Amendment (1975)

Oklahoma

1. Oklahoma State Question 312, Runoff Primary Elections Measure (July 1944)
2. Oklahoma State Question 836, Top-Two Primary Elections Initiative (2026) - Potential

Oregon

1. Oregon Measure 117, Ranked-Choice Voting for Federal and State Elections Measure (2024)
2. Oregon Measure 65, Top-Two Primaries Initiative (2008)
3. Oregon Measure 90, Top-Two Primaries Initiative (2014)
4. Oregon Measure Nos. 302-303, Establish Direct Primary System for Party Nominations Initiative (June 1904)
5. Oregon Measure Nos. 328-329, Allow for Alternative Methods for Electing Officials Initiative (June 1908)
6. Oregon Measure Nos. 348-349, Top Sixty Candidates Legislative Elections Initiative (1914)
7. Oregon Measure Nos. 356-357, Primary Elections for Presidential Candidates Initiative (1910)
8. Oregon Measure Nos. 360-361, Direct Democracy, Electoral System, and Legislature Changes Initiative (1910)
9. Oregon Measure Nos. 362-363, Unicameral Legislature and Proportional Representation Initiative (1912)

South Dakota

1. South Dakota Amendment V, Top-Two Primary Amendment (2016)
2. South Dakota Coffey Primary Election Law (1914)
3. South Dakota Constitutional Amendment H, Top-Two Primary Elections Initiative (2024)
4. South Dakota Initiated Law 1, Richard's Primary Law Initiative (1918)
5. South Dakota Measure 1, Richard's Primary Election Law Referendum (1912)
6. South Dakota Referred Law 1, Richard's Primary Law Initiative (1916)
7. South Dakota Referred Law 2, Primary Election Law Referendum (1920)
8. South Dakota Referred Law 3, Primary Elections Law Referendum (1924)

Texas

1. Texas Proposition 6, Appointment of Presidential Electors Amendment (2001)

Utah

1. Utah Initiative A, Term Limits and Runoff Elections Measure (1994)

Washington

1. Washington Initiative 872, Top-Two Primaries Measure (2004)

Wisconsin

1. Wisconsin Question 1, Recall Primary Elections Amendment (April 1981)

Wyoming

1. Wyoming Special Session, Constitutional Amendment B (2002)

See also

State & Local Ballot Measures

Ballotpedia

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• • Local ballot measures
• • Analyses

Topics

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Laws

• • Laws governing ballot measures
• • Changes to laws governing ballot measures
• • Types of ballot measures
• • Ballot measure policy topics

History

• • Historical Ballot Measures (HBM) Factbooks
• • History of ballot measures by topic

Campaigns

• • Campaign finance
• • Endorsements
• • Polls

Footnotes

State ballot measures

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